Cultivation of Rose - Horticulture JRF
* Botanical name :- Rosa app
* Family :- Rosaceae
* Origin :- India
* Chromosome no :- 2n=14
* Some Important Fact of Rose
- it is the national flower of England & Iran.
- Farm of Rose is known as 'Rosary'.
- Farmer who cultivate Rose is known as "Rosarian".
- Fruit of Rose is known as hipps, and it is good source of Vit C.(119mg/100g)
- Seed of Rose is known as 'Acenses'.
- "Alpha Garden" in England is the biggest garden of Rose in the world.
- "Crimson China Rose" is known as the father of modern roses.
- 'Attar' was discovered by "Begum Noor Jahan"
- In India, maximum area and production of flowers crop is covered under Rose.
- UP is leading state in Rose production.
- "Germany" Is the highest importer of Rose followed by USA.
- "Netherland" is the highest exporter of flowers.
Uses if Rose
- Rose is 4th most commercial importance and it's cut flowers has highest demand throughout the world.
- Rose plant are also used as perennial garden plant.
- Rose as pot plant in suitable container are also commercially grown and kept indoor as well as outdoor.
- 'Rose water' is also an important commercial product from rose petals, it is used as perfumes and medicine.
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| Rose oil |
- 'Rose oil' is important commercial products obtained from rose petals.
- Rose petals are also preserved for direct consumption by making 'gulakand' which is prepared by equal proportion of petals and white sugar (1:1).
- Dried rose petals known as 'Pankhuri' which is used for preparing sweet and cold drinks
- Gul-roghan :- it is rose hair oil prepared from rose petals by effteurage with wet sesamum oil.
Climate and Soil
- Rose belongs to temperate region but it is grown in all types of climate.
- suitable temperature for growth is 15-27°c
- rose can be cultivated in all types except Sandy soil.
- loamy soil is best suitable.
Propagation
A) Budding
- Hybrids and Floribunda Roses are mainly propagated through budding.
- T-budding is common methods.
- Best time of budding is Nov-Dec
*Rootstock :- R. multiflora, R. indica var. odorata.
B) Cutting
- Scented roses are mainly propagated through cuttings.
Classes of Rose
A) Old Garden Roses
- old garden Roses include the crosses between
1) European Roses × Wild type roses
2) Asian/China roses × Wild type roses
B) Modee Garden Roses
- Modern Garden Roses includes
a) Hybrid Tea b) Floribunda c) Miniature d) Polyanthus e) Creepers f) Shrubs
A) Hybrid Tea
- this class of rose is a cross between "Rosa Hybrid Perpachuls × China Tea Rose"
- The flower of this opening are very slowly hence it can be kept in vases for a longer time.
- flowers are wide range of color are available in this.
a) Red colored variety :- First Red, Happiness, Montezuma, Avon.
b) Yellow colored variety :- Gold medal, golden star, golden time and Pusa soniya.
c) Orange colored variety :- super star, summer Holliday, Grand Gala.
B) Floribunda
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| Floribunda-Rose |
- it is a cross between "Hybrid Tea Rose × Dwarf Polyanthus"
- There is profuse flowering in this class of roses but the flower shed soon.
- this class of flowers are used to decorations and bending purpose.
* Important variety in this class
a) White colored variety :- Iceberg, Summer snow, Chitchor, Chandrama.
b) Pink :- Prema, Sadabahar, Bridal Pink
c) Yellow :- Golden times, sea pearl
C) Miniature
- The Roses of this class are dwarf in stature and the twigs and leaves are also small.
- The flowers of this class are used in Flower arrangements and pot planting.
* Important varieties
a) Red :- Beauty secret, Dark Beauty, Fast Fire.
b) White :- Green ice, Z-Trail
c) Yellow :- Baby Gold Star, Kale Gold
d) Orange :- Angel
e) Bicolor :- star, strip and over the rainbow.
D) Climber
- The branches of these roses are soft and spread like climber.
- They are used for raising over the 'Pergolas' and walls.
* Other main Important Varieties of Roses
1) Rosa Indica
- also known as 'Pushkari Gulab' Commercially propagated in Ajmer district of Rajasthan.
2) Rosa Damascence
- also known as 'Cheti Gulab'
- it has maximum essential oil content among all Rose species.
- it has 0.04% essential oil content
3) Rosa Canina :- it is also known as "Dog Rose"
4) Rosa moschata :- it is known as "musk Rose/Kunj gulab"
5) Rosa Centifolia :- also known as cabbage Rose.
- it has 0.01% essential oil content but oil is superior quality.
6) Rosa Galica :- it is also known as "French Rose"
7) Rosa Hybrid Perpachuls
* Spacing
A) Cut Flowers production :- 60×30cm
B) Hybrid Tea :- 120 × 120 cm
C) Polyanthus :- 45 × 45 cm
D) Miniature :- 30 × 30 cm
E) Floribunda :- 90 × 60 cm
* Some Important Cultural Practices in Rose
A) Disbudding
- Disbudding is the practice of removing the buds on a rose at a very early stage.
B) Pinching
- little buds are removed by pinching
C) Bud Capping
- The flower buds are covered with nylon cap which helps for increasing bud size, avoids damage in transportation.
* Yield
1) Loose Flowers :- 2.5 - 3.0 t/ha
2) Cut Flowers :- 2.5 - 3 lakh Flowers/ha
* Plant Protection
1) Plant Disease
a) Die back (Diplodia rosarum)
- The infected portion should be destroyed and the cut end should be painted with "Chaubattia paste" or "Bordeux paste"
- Application of optimum dose of fertilizer and by Faciliting proper drainage.
- spray of 3g/litre of Copper Oxychloride (50%)
b) Black spot (Diplocarpon rosae)
- This disease appears in humid areas
- it can be easily controlled by spraying carbendazim (1g/litre of water) and captain (0.2%).
c) Powdery Mildew ( sphaerotheca pannosa)
2) Pest Management
a) Aphids ( Macrosiphum rosae)
- Occurs in January - February month
- spray 0.1% Malathion or Metasystox (0.1-0.2%) or Rogor (0.1-0.2%)
b) Red scale ( Lindigapsis rosae)
- occurs in August - September month
- These pest can be controlled by spraying malathion (0.1%) or Parathion (0.25%)
3) Physiological Disorders
a) Blind Wood
- Formation of unproductive branches due to low temperature, insufficient light, chemical residue, insect, pest, fungal disease.
b) Bull Heads or Malformed Flowers
- The cause of Bull Heads is yet unknown however, thrips infestation will also cause malformed flowers.
c) Limp Neck
- The area of stem just below the flowers wilts and it will not support the head.
d) Blackening of Rose
- This is caused by low temperature and high Anthocynin content.
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